What are the implications of the word "Arba'im Yakenu"?
Sifri: It implies thst the Shali'ach Beis-Din should strike him and not the floor or his clothes. 1
Sifri: It implies that one may not give Malkos to two people simultaneously. 2
Having written "Arba'im Yakenu", why does the Torah need to add "Lo Yosif, Pen Yosif"?
Rashi: To render subject to a Lo Sa'aseh anyone who strikes a fellow-Jew. 1
Makos, 23a: Even though Beis-Din appoint people who are weak in strength but strong in understanding to administer Malkos; one only warns those who are already careful. 2
Yerushalmi Sanhedrin, 1:1: "Arba'im Yakenu Lo Yosif" serves as the warning against striking one's father and mother - which is subject to a Chiyuv Misah. 3
Sifri: "Lo Yosif" comes to render Chayav Malkos if the SHali'ach Beis-Din gives more than the thirty-nine Malkos prescribed by the Torah, and "Pen Yosif", if he adds on to the Chachamim's assssesment - of someone who is unable to receive the full quota prescribed by the Torah.
What are the connotations of "Makah Rabah"?
Seforno: It means 'more than he can endure'.
Targum Yonasan: Refer to 25:2:6:1.
Having written "Lo Yosif, Pen Yosif" - implying even a small addition - why does the Torah need to insert the words "Makah Rabah"?
Makos, 23a: To teach us that the Shali'ach Beis-Din must deliver the initial Makos with all his strength. 1
Oznayim la'Torah (citing the Yalkut Shim'oni's text of the Sifri: 'This teches us that the initial Malkos are not considered 'Makah Rabah;.
See Torah Temimah, note 27.
What are the connotations of "Veniklah Achicha le'Einecha"?
Rashi: 'Although the Torah called the sinner a Rasha, once he has received his punishment, he reverts to being called 'your brother'.
Seforno: One may not give the sinner more than his due because it causes him undue shame - inasmuch as the excessive pain will cause him to dirty himself by urinating or defecating (in front of Beis-Din). 1
Sanhedrin, 10b: Beis-Din assess how many lashes he can endure 2 , and administer Malkos accordingly - to the nearest number divisible by three (less, not more).
Makos 23a: A Chiyuv Kares who received Malkos is exempt from Kares 3 - because after Malkos, he reverts to being called 'Achicha'. 4
Sanhedrin, 10a: It teaches Beis-Din to assess how many Malkos the sinner is able to bear - because after "Veniklah", he must still be called 'Achicha' and if he dies that is no longer feasible. 5
Sifri: It implies that if the sinner soiled himself by urinating of defacating from the time he is tied down, he is Patur from Malkos. 6
Tosfos, Sotah, 8a: The Shali'ach Beis-Din puls down his clothes until he uncovers the sinner's heart in orde to shame him. 7
The Living Torah and Artscroll: It means simply that if one adds even one extra lash, 'your brother will be degraded in your eyes'.
Makos 23a: If Beis-Din assess that the Malkos will cause him to excrete (some say ? or urinate) he is exempt from Malkos - provided it will be an immediate result of the Malkos, but not after he leaves Beis-Din and not if he slready dirtied himself - See Torah Temimah, citing Makos, 23a and note 29..
Torah Temimah: Because the Torah writes "Veniklah Achicha" - after he has reveived Malkos, he is still your brother - alive.
Provided he did Teshuvah. See Torah Temimah, note 33.
This teaches us the value of 'YIsurim', which have the power to free a person from eternal punishment in Olam ha'Ba. See Oznayim la'Torah DH 'Achicha'.
See also Torah Temimah, note 31, and Torah Temimah citing Sanhedrin, 10b and note 32.
See note on answer #2.
