What is "Armon"?
Rashi: It is Melech Yehudah.
Radak: It is [the Beis ha'Mikdash,] like I explained (10).
Malbim: Armon Nutash [its residents deserted it] corresponds to "Kotz Shamir? Al Kol Batei Masos" (13).
What happened to the multitudes of the city?
Rashi: They were exiled.
What is "Ofel va'Vachan"?
Rashi: My Beis ha'Mikdash, which was a fortress for them. Both of these are expressions of a fortress.
Radak: Tall and strong towers.
Malbim: The reason why "Kotz Shamir? Al? Kiryah Alizah" (13) is because "Hamon Ir Azav Ofel."
What is the meaning of "Hayah b'Ad Me'aros"?
Rashi: It will be amidst ruins. Me'aros is an expression of "Aru Aru" (Tehilim 137:7). B'Ad is [amidst,] like "hab'Ad Arafel Yishpot" (Iyov 22:13).
Radak: They will be for caves in which wild animals will live. B'Ad is like the prefix Lamed. It can also be in place of Mem - "b'Ad ha'Chalon" (Bereishis 26:8).
Malbim: Animals and herds that lived until now in caves, they took nicer dwellings (abandoned houses) and fortresses to live in permanently.
Until when is "Ad Olam"?
Rashi: It is until the time of the Ketz (the last possible time for redemption).
Malbim: It is "Ad Ye'areh Aleinu Ru'ach mi'Marom" (15).
What is "Mesos Pera'im"?
Rashi: The desire of Yishmael and his troops.
Radak: Pera'im in the Midbar will rejoice in them. This is like "Pere Limud Midbar" (Yirmeyah 2:24); herds of wild animals will graze there.
