1)

How did he see this?

1.

Rav Sadya Gaon: He contemplated.

2.

Metzudas David: He saw with his eyes.

2)

Who are "Kol ha'Chayim"?

1.

Rashi based on Koheles Zuta: Kol ha'Chayim is Dor ha'Mabul, about whom it says "mi'Kol ha'Chai 1 " (Bereishis 6:19).

2.

Ri Kara: They are those who abandon the old foolish king, and go with the young Chacham, who becomes king in place of him.

3.

Rid: It is this generation.

4.

Seforno: It is people who engage in [worldly matters] Tachas ha'Shamesh. They are drawn after the counsel of a young Chacham with proper reasoning.

5.

Metzudas David: It is those who go Tachas ha'Shamesh - they go diligently and zealously in the world.

6.

All who will be subjects of the second youth 2 .


1

This verse refers to the animals! Even so, our verse says "Kol ha'Chayim" to hint to the generation in which "mi'Kol ha'Chai" was said. (PF)

2

I.e. the young, poor Chacham, after he will become king (refer to 4:15:3:2). It seems to me that so explains Rav Sadya Gaon, based on his Perush of verse 16. (PF)

3)

Who is "ha'Yeled ha'Sheni Asher Ya'amod Tachtav"?

1.

Rashi: It is Noach and his children, who survived from Dor ha'Mabul.

2.

Ibn Ezra: It is the young Chacham, who ruled in place of the old king. He is called Sheni, for he was a youth and came after [the first king] and ruled in place of him.

3.

Ibn Ezra (16), Rid: It is the children of this generation, who will stand in place of their fathers.

4.

Rashbam: It is the son of the old king, who became king in place of his father, and he is a Kesil, like his father. Therefore, he is called Sheni.

5.

Seforno: It is a young Chacham with proper reasoning. In investigation, he is below the level of the young Chacham with reasoning mentioned above (the young, poor Chacham - 13).

6.

Metzudas David: It is the son born after the poor youth who saved himself with his Chachmah, and emerged to rule. I assessed that he will be king after the first youth that will replace the old king, for I see that the Chachmah of the diligent and zealous is nothing compared to [the latter's] Chachmah.

7.

Refer to 4:15:2:6*.

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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