What is "Paros"?
Radak: It is Betzi'ah (cutting bread) mentioned in Chazal, e.g. 'Mevarech v'Achar Kach Botze'a" (Brachos 39b).
What is special about "Paros la'Ra'ev Lachmecha"?
R. Yitzchak (Bava Basra 9b): He gets the six blessings 1 [in verses 8-9. Also refer to 58:10:1:1.]
Malbim: This is the purpose of the Tzom. Hashem does not desire [from people] Inuy Nefesh or not eating, rather, that he give to the hungry to eat. Even if you have a full loaf, cut half for the Oni 2 , and give to him from your clean bread. Also refer to 56:7:3:2.
The Gemara said so about giving a Perutah to an Oni. How can we learn from giving bread? Chilkiyah's and Mar Ukva's wives received greater reward for giving bread than their husbands did for giving coins, for the Oni benefits immediately from bread (Ta'anis 23b, Kesuvos 67b)! Zichron Soferim (ibid.) their greater reward was for consoling the Oni with words. (The Gemara implies unlike this. Also, also their husbands should have done so! Perhaps R. Yitzchak had a tradition that the Brachos are even for giving money. Or, he teaches that for giving Tzedakah, one gets at most six Brachos, and for kind words, one gets 11. - PF)
I.e. even though you will eat later, and it is better to bless on a full loaf, it is better to give to the Oni now, and bless on a half loaf. (PF)
Who are "Aniyim Merudim"?
Refer to 58:7:4:1.
Rashi: They groan due to their afflictions. This is like "Anyi u'Merudi" (Eichah 3:19), "Arid b'Sichi" (Tehilim 55:3).
Radak citing Targum Yonasan: They are transient. Also "Anyah u'Merudeha" (Eichah 1:7) is being moved around.
What do we learn from "[Paros la'Ra'ev Lachmecha] v'Aniyim Merudim Tavi Vayis"?
Bava Basra 9a:
Malbim: There are two levels in Tzedakah. One is giving to the poor what he lacks in food, clothing and housing. V'Aniyim Merudim Tavi Vayis teaches about housing.
What do we learn from "Paros la'Ra'ev Lachmecha... Ki Sir'eh Arum v'Chisiso"?
Bava Basra 9a #1: If one requests food, first we check if he is truly poor. If he requests clothing, we give before checking. We read "Paros" like 'Perosh 1 ' (clarify before giving). "Ki Sir'eh Arum v'Chisiso" - as soon as you see a naked person, clothe him.
Bava Basra 9a # 2: We check before giving clothing, but not before giving food. "Paros la'Ra'ev Lachmecha" - immediately. "Ki Sir'eh Arum v'Chisiso" - after you see that he is truly poor.
Tosfos (Shabbos 55b): In the Gemara's text of Yeshayah, Paros has a Sin, and not a Samech. Maharsha (9a) - alternatively, we must change the text of our Gemara.
Who are "Besarcha"?
Rashi: Your relatives. Radak - this is like "Ish Ish El Kol She'er Besaro" (Vayikra 18:6).
What is the consequence of "umi'Besarcha Lo Sis'alem"?
Radak: Even though in all of Yisrael, one must feed the hungry and clothe the naked, there is a greater obligation for his relative. If he sees that he is poor, he may not hide his eye from him, until he needs to request his food. Rather, one must lend to him and open for him ways to earn [his needs]. One who does the matters in our verse, the Chazakah is that he will fulfill all the Mitzvos. It mentions these, for they are the opposite of the evil deeds mentioned.
Malbim: This corresponds to clothing the naked. Do not consider it as if you steal [from] your flesh for a stranger's, rather, as if you put [the clothing] on your flesh, for all people are one flesh.
