What is "b'Mo'atzos"?
Radak: It is in their Etzah (counsel), and not mine, i.e. bi'Shrirus Libam ha'Ra.
Malbim: It is the Etzah (counsel) of their intellect, and not what I commanded. They brought many Korbanos, but did not accomplish the purpose, listening to My voice!
What is "bi'Shrirus Libam"?
Rashi: It is what their heart shows them. This is like "Ashurenu" (Bamidbar 23:9).
Radak #1: It is the gaze of their heart, like "Yashor Al Anashim" (Iyov 33:27) - what their heart turns to.
Radak #2: Some say that it is the strength of their heart, like "Sharir v'Kayam' (Bava Basra 109b) (established and lasting - PF).
Radak citing Targum Yonasan: The thoughts of their heart.
Malbim: It is heresy.
What is the meaning of "va'Yihyu l'Achor..."?
Radak: What is their punishment? They will be in back, and not in front. I.e. their work will be cursed, and not blessed.
Radak citing Targum Yonasan: You turned your backs on My Avodah. You did not put fear of Me in front of you.
Malbim: Hashem intended that they go forward, from level to level, until Shechinah will dwell on them constantly and He will be Elokim for them. They went backwards, from "Mamleches Kohanim v'Goy Kadosh" (Shemos 19:6) to the lowest level. They descended from human and were compared to animals - "Nazoru Achor" (Yeshayah 1:4). Do not say that they were like one who goes towards perfection - he goes back, and returns forward. They went only backwards!
