What is the meaning of "Di Charsavan Remiv"?
Rashi: Chairs were put to sit in judgment ? one for Din, and one for Tzedakah for Yisrael.
Malbim citing Tanchuma: These are chairs of Nochrim. In the future, Hashem will reverse them ? "v'Hafachti Kisei Mamlachos." The chair symbolizes rule. Hashem will befuddle the nations [in the future], and they will kill each other.
Malbim citing Mahari: This refers to chairs of the supreme Sarim of the nations; their power and influence will cease.
Who is Atik Yomin, and why is He sitting?
Rashi: It is Hashem; He sits on judgment on this kingdom and the previous ones, who angered Him and pained His children.
Ibn Ezra (14): It is Micha'el, the great Sar; he is old. Do not be astounded that he has a million servants (verse 10) ? Hashem commanded so! We find "Ani Sar Tzeva Hashem" ? I am Sar over Tzeva Hashem.
Malbim: It is Hashem, who is Netak (removed) from days and time. I.e. time does not apply to Him ? "v'Yode'av Lo Chazu Yamav." His sitting is judging the land ? "Hashem l'Olam Yeshev Konen l'Mishpat Kis'o."
Why is His clothing white like snow?
Rashi: It is to whiten the sins of His nation.
Malbim: Clothing refers to the action and Midos in which He is clothed when acting. White hints to Chesed and mercy. Red hints to Din and murder ? "Mi Zeh Ba me'Edom Chamutz Begadim." In the future it will be revealed that Hashem's hidden thoughts were only Tzedakah and salvation.
How is the hair of His head like clean wool?
Rashi citing Vayikra Rabah: He cleans Himself from merits of Nochrim ? he pays to them all their reward in this world.
Malbim: The head represents thought. Hairs represent hidden thoughts breaking out, just like hairs come out of the brain. Hashem is full of Chesed and mercy. Then His actions are only Tzedakah and mercy.
What do we learn from "Karseye Shevivin Di Nur"?
Malbim: Fire that burns and eradicates, and harsh Din, come from the Kisei and below ? "Tzedek u'Mishpat Mechon Kis'o Esh Lefanav Telech u'Selahet Saviv Tzarav." The fire does not come from Hashem ? "Hashem Melech Tagel ha'Aretz"! Chesed and mercy are in front of Him! Rather, it comes from the base of His Kisei. At the time of miraculous conduct, conduct descends from the world of the Kisei to the world of the Galgalim (spheres that house the stars) via the Chayos, who move the Galgalim. Therefore, he saw sparks of fire go from the Kisei to the Galgalim.
What do we learn from "Galgelohi Nur Dalek"?
Rashi: The Galgalim were burning. Malbim ? this was anger to eradicate the Resha'im.
Ibn Ezra (14): The Galgalim were going so fast that sparks come out, for the Galgal of fire is under the Galgal of the moon.
