1)

How will Hashem refine them?

1.

Rashi: Via afflictions. Radak - they will show whether the dross will remain, or if they will repent to become choice silver due to the afflictions.

2)

Why does it say "Tzorfam u'Vechantim"?

1.

Malbim: After refining them in fire to remove the dross, I will test if they were refined properly.

3)

What is the meaning of "Mipnei Bas Ami"?

1.

Rashi citing Targum Yonasan: In front of the sins of Keneses Yisrael.

2.

Radak: How can I not refine them because it is Bas Ami? I cannot leave them in their evil, and they are called My nation.

3.

Malbim: I do not know how to do that they will be clean from all dross, for also after refining, i.e. fire and afflictions, they are still full of dross and filth. Therefore, I need to test them and refine them time after time.

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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