Why does the Torah use the expression, "va'Yichbad Lev Pharaoh" here?
Seforno: To teach us that, despite the fact that not one animal of Yisrael died was a phenomenon that belied the imagination, 1 Pharaoh exerted himself 2 to overlook the consequences and refuse.
Hadar Zekenim: Because, after the first five Makos (i.e. beginning with the next Makah, Shechin), Pharaoh would not willingly detain Yisrael. Hashem would force him to do so, in order to demonstrate His capabilities.
Why, specifically here, did Pharaoh check out whether Yisrael had suffered from the Makos, and not by the previous Makos?
Because whereas there was no way of checking regarding the previous plagues, here it was possible to check the animals to see whether any of them had died. 1
See also Oznayim la'Torah.
Why does the Torah write that nothing died from Yisrael's flocks, "Ad Echad"?
Malbim: Because, in fact, one animal died, of a man born to a Yisra'elis from an Egyptian. The Torah considers him to be an Egyptian, but Pharaoh thought 1 that he was a Yisrael. Therefore, he hardened his heart.
The Pesikta says that that man was the Mekalel (See Vayikra 24:10).