1)

What is the meaning of "Niskad"?

1.

Rav Sadya Gaon: He held and tied my sins in His hand.

2.

Rashi: There is nothing like this word in Tanach. In Pesikta, in Arame'ic, Darban (a plowshare) is called Miskada. I say that it is dotted and marked 1 . So Yisrael's sins 2 were remembered in Hashem's hand, lest their number or payment be forgotten.

3.

Ri Kara: [My sins were] written and sealed [in His hand]. "Ol" is like "v'Olasah Kaftzah Fiha" (Iyov 5:16).

4.

Rid: My sin is seen [in His hand].

5.

R. Avigdor: Niskad is like Shakad. Hashem was merciful [and considered how to exile them in the best way]. If I will exile them in spring, "Ein Anavim ba'Gefen v'Ein Te'enim ba'Te'enah


1

Magihah (in Toras Chayim, on Ri Kara): I.e. the plowshare makes marks on the animal.

2

Palgei Mayim: If so, it should say Niskad Pesha'ai b'Yado. Why does it say "Niskad Ol Pesha'ai"? Refer to 1:14:1:7.

2)

What is "Yistargu"?

1.

Rashi: [The sins] were braided. This is like a Mishnah (Mo'ed Katan 8b) 'Mesargin Es ha'Mitos.'

2.

Ibn Ezra: This is Hispa'el; it is like Sarigim (Bereishis 40:10). The nature of vine branches is to hold (wrap around) any high tree [nearby].

3.

Ri Kara: The sins grew and became branches.

4.

Rid: They grew and became thick.

3)

What sapped his strength?

1.

Ibn Ezra: "Ol Pesha'ai."

2.

R. Avigdor citing Eichah Rabah 1:43: There are five things that weaken a person - sin ("Hichshil Kochi"), traveling ("Inah va'Derech Kochi" - Tehilim 102:24), fasting ("Ineisi va'Tzom Nafshi" (ibid., 35:13), kingship ("Alu Al Tzavari Hichshil Kochi") and hunger {"bi'Ydei Lo Uchal Kum.")

4)

How did Hashem give him?

1.

Ibn Ezra: He abandoned him to [suffer the results of] his sins, or to the enemy. This is like "Al Ken Lo Nesaticha" (Bereishis 20:6).

2.

Palgei Mayim: (He gave him to the enemy for a small punishment, but the enemy added.) This is like "Ani Katzafti Me'at v'Hemah Azru l'Ra'ah" (Zecharyah 1:15). How can they add to the decree of the One who said, and the world came into existence?! Rather, they cause us to sin; via this, they add to the evil. Hashem weakened us via putting me in the hand of nations that make us sin so we cannot stand (refer to 1:14:5:4).

5)

In what way can he not stand?

1.

Rav Sadya Gaon: He cannot oppose [his enemies].

2.

Ibn Ezra: He cannot stand due to his sins.

3.

Rid: He cannot leave Galus. Yisrael left Galus Bavel after 70 years! Rather, Yirmeyah saw [with Ru'ach ha'Kodesh] both Churbanos. Eichah is primarily about our Galus (via Edom).

4.

Palgei Mayim: He cannot justify his deeds and return to Hashem.

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