1)

What is the Torah referring to when it writes "ve'Lo Sachos Einecha"?

1.

Sifri: It refers to a poor man - that Beis-Din should not have compassion on him 1 because he is poor and because he did not wound his friend on purpose. 2

1

In spite of their natural compassionate.

2

And there is a principle 'Ein Rachamim ba'Din'.

2)

What are the implications of Nefesh be'Nefesh"?

1.

Makos, 5b: It implies that the witnesses only become Eidim Zom'min if the second pair of witnesses testify after Beis-Din hve declared declared the accused Chayav. 1

1

See Torah Temimah, note 86.

3)

What are the connotations of "Ayin be'Ayin, Shen be'Shen ... "?

1.

Rashi and Targum Yonasan: It means money ('the value of an eye for an eye, of a tooth for a tooth ... '). 1

1

See Sifsei Chachamim. Refr also to 19:21:4:1.

4)

What are the implications of "Yad be'Yad"?

1.

Bava Kama, 84a: It implies 'Davar he'Nitan mi'Yad le'Yad' - Mamon, to teach us that in all the listed acses, the Eidm Zom'min arre obligated to pay money. 1

1

We also learn from here that, if the Eidim Zom'min testify that Reuven owes Shimon money, Beiss-Din sentence to pay (because of "Kaa'asher Zamam") an not Malkos (because of "Lo Sa'aneh". See Torah Temimah, citing Kesuvos, 32b.

5)

How do we know that "Ayin be'Ayin ... " does not mean literally 'an eye for an eye'?

1.

Rashi (in Bava Kama, 84a): Because if it did, having written "Va'asisem lo Ka'sher La'asos le'Achiv", it would not have been necessary to write "Ayin be'Ayin ... ". 1

1

See Torah Temimah, citing Bava Kama, Ibid. and Oznayim la'Torah.

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